{"id":2447,"date":"2023-10-24T11:37:33","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T09:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ec-magazin.de\/?p=2447"},"modified":"2024-11-12T15:38:34","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T14:38:34","slug":"axial-diagonal-centrifugal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/insights\/axial-diagonal-centrifugal_2447\/","title":{"rendered":"Axial, diag\u00adonal, centrifugal: which fan fits which appli\u00adca\u00adtion?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Moving air and creating pres\u00adsure at best effi\u00adciency and with least noise emis\u00adsions \u2013 this is one way to describe the objec\u00adtive of fans. For many appli\u00adca\u00adtions, they are the best option also because they create a contin\u00aduous flow, have small space require\u00adments and have only few moving parts. To under\u00adstand which fan design, centrifugal, axial or mixed, is the best for a specific appli\u00adca\u00adtion, one needs to look at the basic mech\u00ada\u00adnism of fan oper\u00ada\u00adtion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull mgznkr-cta-whitepaper-digital-services\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<style>\n.mgznkr-cta-whitepaper-digital-services .alignwide.banner-width {\n  max-width: 100%;\n  width: 1240px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n--mark-bgcolor: #00a633;\n--mark-color: white;\n}\n@media (max-width: 781px) {\n.mgznkr-cta-whitepaper-digital-services .wp-block-cover .wp-block-cover__image-background {\nobject-position: 17% 50%!important;\n}\n.mgznkr-column-spacer p {display: none; }\n}\n@media (min-width: 782px) {\n.mgznkr-column-spacer p a {\n  min-height: 290px;\n  min-width: 100%;\n  display: block;\n  border-radius: 50px;\nfont-size: 0;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\" style=\"min-height:350px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-36224\" alt src=\"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/de\/files\/2024\/11\/Banner-Digital-Services.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#e0e6e6\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide banner-width is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:560px\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mgznkr-click has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2186fc9a9df73db88e84ea7c02be7ab5\" id=\"whitepaper-digital-services-head\" style=\"font-size:1.6em;text-transform:uppercase\"><mark><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebmpapst.com\/de\/en\/campaigns\/industry-campaigns\/digital-services.html#download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Free INFO PACKAGE<\/a><\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading no-margin-top\" style=\"font-size:1em\">The new age of air tech\u00adnology is here!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Meet the chal\u00adlenges of your industry with Digital Services. Find out more in our info package about how you can take your venti\u00adlation, air handling and refrig\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion systems to a new level \u2013 thanks to <span class=\"noTypo\">digitalization<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill mgznkr-click\" id=\"whitepaper-digital-services\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ebmpapst.com\/de\/en\/campaigns\/industry-campaigns\/digital-services.html#download\" style=\"background-color:#0072bb;font-size:18px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Benefit from digital solu\u00adtions now <i class=\"mgznkr-icon fa fa-chevron-right fas\"><\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mgznkr-column-spacer is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\">\n<p class=\"mgznkr-click\" id=\"whitepaper-digital-services-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebmpapst.com\/de\/en\/campaigns\/industry-campaigns\/digital-services.html#download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Free Whitepaper about Digital Services by ebm-papst<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pres\u00adsure deter\u00admines which fan fits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In prin\u00adciple, the fan blades of an <strong>axial-flow fan<\/strong> deflect the airflow from an axial inflow direc\u00adtion into a helical flow pattern, thereby increasing the (total) pres\u00adsure across the rotor. To get higher pres\u00adsure, larger flow angles to the rotating blades are required. However, this prin\u00adciple has natural limits. When the rela\u00adtive flow angle becomes too large, the aero\u00addy\u00adnamics become less effi\u00adcient and the detached flow creates increasing noise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Axial fans<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axialer_Luftstrom_600-600.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-18216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axialer_Luftstrom_600-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axialer_Luftstrom_600-600-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axialer_Luftstrom_600-600-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axialer_Luftstrom_600-600-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In axial fans, the incoming air is deflected onto spiral paths by the blades. (Graphic | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Diag\u00adonal fans<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_diagonal-luefter_schaubild_600-600.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-18217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_diagonal-luefter_schaubild_600-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_diagonal-luefter_schaubild_600-600-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_diagonal-luefter_schaubild_600-600-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_diagonal-luefter_schaubild_600-600-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In diag\u00adonal fans, the air is also drawn in axially but discharged diag\u00ado\u00adnally. (Graphic | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Centrifugal fans<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_radiale_luftfoerderung_RadiPac_C.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-18218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_radiale_luftfoerderung_RadiPac_C.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_radiale_luftfoerderung_RadiPac_C-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_radiale_luftfoerderung_RadiPac_C-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_radiale_luftfoerderung_RadiPac_C-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Centrifugal fans rely on the centrifugal force of the impeller. (Graphic | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In cases where more pres\u00adsure rise is required, centrifugal forces are used in addi\u00adtion to the blade aero\u00addy\u00adnamics. Since every fan is a rotating system, the air is always exposed to centrifugal forces. Beyond their best oper\u00ada\u00adtion point, the flow in axial fans develops a strong centrifugal compo\u00adnent, while large portions of the flow path are aero\u00addy\u00adnam\u00adi\u00adcally blocked due to recir\u00adcu\u00adlating air. Effec\u00adtively, the fan oper\u00adates like a smaller but poorly designed centrifugal fan in this regime. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For those appli\u00adca\u00adtions, a dedi\u00adcated centrifugal design is the best choice. In <strong>centrifugal fans<\/strong>, centrifugal forces contribute signif\u00adi\u00adcantly to the overall pres\u00adsure build-up, in some cases they are the domi\u00adnant mech\u00ada\u00adnism. Axial fans are best applied to cases where a fairly small pres\u00adsure rise and large flow rates are required, while centrifugal fans are able to deliver higher pres\u00adsure together with smaller flow rates for similar external dimen\u00adsions and speeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axial-centrifugal-diagonal_curve_1920-1080-960x540.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-18220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axial-centrifugal-diagonal_curve_1920-1080-960x540.jpg 960w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axial-centrifugal-diagonal_curve_1920-1080-660x371.jpg 660w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axial-centrifugal-diagonal_curve_1920-1080-260x146.jpg 260w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axial-centrifugal-diagonal_curve_1920-1080-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axial-centrifugal-diagonal_curve_1920-1080-450x253.jpg 450w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axial-centrifugal-diagonal_curve_1920-1080-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2023\/10\/ebm-papst_axial-centrifugal-diagonal_curve_1920-1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Optimal oper\u00adating ranges of the three fan designs. (Graphic | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:12px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Opti\u00admizing fans with CFD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With these basic consid\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtions the actual design can be started. In the past, fans were designed mainly exper\u00adi\u00admen\u00adtally and a powerful expe\u00adri\u00adence base has been estab\u00adlished over the years. Today, compu\u00adta\u00adtional fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are applied to the aero\u00addy\u00adnamic design process. CFD is used in all kinds of systems where heat and mass transfer is impor\u00adtant, for entirely new fans as well as for opti\u00admising compo\u00adnents like blades or blade-tips. In prin\u00adciple, the aero\u00addy\u00adnam\u00adi\u00adcist can design a new fan without prior knowl\u00adedge of the fan type because the CFD method repre\u00adsents a compre\u00adhen\u00adsive math\u00ade\u00admat\u00adical flow model. It is often easier to perform so-called numer\u00adical exper\u00adi\u00adments than conducting an exper\u00adi\u00admental campaign, espe\u00adcially since the CFD results allow for very detailed analyses of the flow field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2022\/09\/Fig_3_Visualization_ventilation_unit_CFD_EN-960x469.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-16517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2022\/09\/Fig_3_Visualization_ventilation_unit_CFD_EN-960x469.jpg 960w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2022\/09\/Fig_3_Visualization_ventilation_unit_CFD_EN-660x322.jpg 660w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2022\/09\/Fig_3_Visualization_ventilation_unit_CFD_EN-260x127.jpg 260w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2022\/09\/Fig_3_Visualization_ventilation_unit_CFD_EN-450x220.jpg 450w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2022\/09\/Fig_3_Visualization_ventilation_unit_CFD_EN-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ebmpapst-7237.kxcdn.com\/en\/files\/2022\/09\/Fig_3_Visualization_ventilation_unit_CFD_EN.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Visu\u00adal\u00adiza\u00adtion of air flow through a venti\u00adlation unit. ( Photo | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>With <a href=\"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/products\/fans\/reduce-pressure-losses-increase-efficiency_16514\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/products\/fans\/reduce-pressure-losses-increase-efficiency_16514\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CFD, blade perfor\u00admance, loss and noise mech\u00ada\u00adnisms or the inter\u00adac\u00adtion of the flow<\/a> with walls can be under\u00adstood and improved for every oper\u00adating point of interest. In times where high effi\u00adciency and cost-effec\u00adtive solu\u00adtions are key drivers, the aero\u00addy\u00adnam\u00adi\u00adcist tries to squeeze out every possible percent of the avail\u00adable design space. The curved and twisted blades of modern fans or the specific blade tips are exam\u00adples of such efforts. With state-of-the art design tools it is possible to design the fan for a specific appli\u00adca\u00adtion rather than trying to tailor an existing fan to a new appli\u00adca\u00adtion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Together with the success of CFD, the focus of the exper\u00adi\u00adments has changed. From being a basic design method to a neces\u00adsary veri\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion and vali\u00adda\u00adtion method: on one hand, of the overall perfor\u00admance and on the other hand to verify or dismiss the impact of features like guide vanes or down\u00adstream diffusers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Moving air and creating pres\u00adsure at best effi\u00adciency and with least noise emis\u00adsions \u2013 this is one way to describe the objec\u00adtive of fans. For many appli\u00adca\u00adtions, they are the best option also because they create a contin\u00aduous flow, have small space require\u00adments and have only few moving parts. To under\u00adstand which fan design, centrifugal, [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,4],"tags":[31,76],"class_list":["post-2447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fans","category-insights","tag-ec-fan","tag-fluid-engineering"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2447"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20897,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions\/20897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}