{"id":20983,"date":"2024-11-26T10:13:29","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T09:13:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/?p=20983"},"modified":"2024-11-26T10:13:32","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T09:13:32","slug":"air-water-heat-pumps-natural-refrigerants-atex-fans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/industries\/heating\/air-water-heat-pumps-natural-refrigerants-atex-fans_20983\/","title":{"rendered":"Safety first, not just for air\/water heat pumps"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Heating with heat pumps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today\u2019s heating systems demand concepts based on renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies. ebm-papst delivers low-noise and effi\u00adcient compo\u00adnents.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mehr erfahren <\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

With the new version of the F-Gas Regu\u00adla\u00adtion ((EU) 2024\/573), which came into force on March 11, 2024, the frame\u00adwork condi\u00adtions for these refrig\u00ader\u00adants will become much stricter; the use of hydro\u00adflu\u00ado\u00adro\u00adcar\u00adbons as refrig\u00ader\u00adants (HFCs) will be further regu\u00adlated. This means that natural alter\u00adna\u00adtives are the only way forward. However, these are flam\u00admable in most cases. When devel\u00adoping refrig\u00ader\u00adating systems and air condi\u00adtioners, house\u00adhold refrig\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtors and heat pumps, manu\u00adfac\u00adturers must there\u00adfore ensure that they only use compo\u00adnents that meet the applic\u00adable stan\u00addards for handling flam\u00admable refrig\u00ader\u00adants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The F-Gas Regu\u00adla\u00adtion and the phased plan defined within it for reducing CO2<\/sub> emis\u00adsions (Fig. 1) means that manu\u00adfac\u00adturers of air\/water heat pumps, as well as chillers, evap\u00ado\u00adra\u00adtors and refrig\u00ader\u00adated cabi\u00adnets, are increas\u00adingly using refrig\u00ader\u00adants with a low global warming poten\u00adtial (GWP), such as the natural refrig\u00aderant R290 (propane, GWP value = 3). However, a low GWP value requires rapid decom\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtion of the refrig\u00aderant when it enters the atmos\u00adphere. This can only be assured if it is chem\u00adi\u00adcally reac\u00adtive, but high reac\u00adtivity typi\u00adcally goes hand in hand with a high level of flam\u00adma\u00adbility. Special safety concepts are there\u00adfore required to ensure that nobody is harmed if there is a leak in the refrig\u00aderant circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fig. 1: The F-Gas Regulation\u2019s phased plan regu\u00adlates the use of hydro\u00adflu\u00ado\u00adro\u00adcar\u00adbons (HFCs) and was further tight\u00adened by the new version (Regu\u00adla\u00adtion (EU) 2024\/573). (Graphic | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ATEX-approved compact fans for the safety concept<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

One \u2013 albeit rather elab\u00ado\u00adrate \u2013 method is the use of restricted-breathing hous\u00adings that prevent elec\u00adtronic compo\u00adnents and flam\u00admable atmos\u00adpheres from coming into contact with each other. However, another solu\u00adtion is usually more prac\u00adtical for air\/water heat pumps: In the event of a leak in the refrig\u00aderant circuit, ATEX-approved compact fans (Fig. 2) venti\u00adlate the housing and prevent a flam\u00admable atmos\u00adphere from devel\u00adoping. Thanks to the fully encap\u00adsu\u00adlated motor and elec\u00adtronics, they meet the require\u00adments of EN 60079-7, Group IIC, up to T4 and DIN EN 60335-2-40 as stan\u00addard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fig. 2: For the heat pump safety concept, there are suit\u00adable compact fans that venti\u00adlate the housing in the event of a leak in the refrig\u00aderant circuit, thereby preventing the devel\u00adop\u00adment of a poten\u00adtially flam\u00admable atmos\u00adphere. (Image | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Due to their compact design, the fans require little space for instal\u00adla\u00adtion and can also be used for cooling elec\u00adtronics if required. They can also be used as the main fan for smaller heat pumps, such as those used for floor heating. The ATEX-approved compact fans are avail\u00adable in many vari\u00adants and in different sizes with edge lengths from 40 to 200 mm and offer high air perfor\u00admance levels. Thanks to their aero\u00addy\u00adnam\u00adi\u00adcally opti\u00admized design, they operate quietly, are energy-effi\u00adcient, and can be used for both intake and exhaust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drive design for the main fan in accor\u00addance with EN 60335-2-40<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Even with the larger axial panel and centrifugal fans, which provide the neces\u00adsary air flow over the evap\u00ado\u00adrator in heat pumps, the elec\u00adtronics must not become a source of igni\u00adtion if there is a leak in the refrig\u00aderant circuit. For this reason, ebm-papst has modi\u00adfied the elec\u00adtronic circuits of its fan drives in sizes 60, 74 and 90 so that they comply with EN 60335-2-40 for heat pumps with flam\u00admable refrig\u00ader\u00adants. This means that, in the event of a fault, the maximum surface temper\u00ada\u00adture must be at least 100 Kelvin below the igni\u00adtion temper\u00ada\u00adture of the refrig\u00aderant used. Propane, which is very suit\u00adable due to its good heat transfer capacity and its low GWP value, has an igni\u00adtion temper\u00ada\u00adture of 470\u00b0C. The elec\u00adtronic assem\u00adblies, which have been tested and certi\u00adfied accord\u00adingly, ensure that their maximum surface temper\u00ada\u00adture always remains below 370\u00b0C, even if a fault occurs, so that they do not become an igni\u00adtion source.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Fig. 3: Noise levels are partic\u00adu\u00adlarly rele\u00advant at night, when the limits of the applic\u00adable legal regu\u00adla\u00adtions must be observed both inside and espe\u00adcially outside of build\u00adings. (Image | ebm-papst)<\/p><\/div>\n

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Fig. 4: The powerful, quiet-running AxiTone and AxiEco Plug-In axial panel fans were devel\u00adoped for use in air\/water heat pumps and are suit\u00adable for appli\u00adca\u00adtions with flam\u00admable refrig\u00ader\u00adants. (Image | ebm-papst)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Axial panel fans for partic\u00adu\u00adlarly noise-sensi\u00adtive areas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Anyone using air\/water heat pumps will inevitably have to deal with the issue of noise. Noise levels are partic\u00adu\u00adlarly rele\u00advant at night, when the limits of the applic\u00adable legal regu\u00adla\u00adtions must be observed both inside and espe\u00adcially outside of build\u00adings (Fig. 3). ebm-papst has devel\u00adoped two fan series for noise-sensi\u00adtive outdoor areas: AxiEco Plug-In and AxiTone (Fig. 4). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fig. 5: Char\u00adac\u00adter\u00adistic map of the AxiEco Plug-In size 450 in terms of air perfor\u00admance and acoustic power (green: air perfor\u00admance and acoustic power curve of the 85 W version, blue: air perfor\u00admance and acoustic power curve of the 170 W version). (Graphic | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 6: Char\u00adac\u00adter\u00adistic map of the AxiTone size 630 in terms of air perfor\u00admance and acoustic power (green: acoustic power curve of the 500 W active PFC version, blue: air perfor\u00admance curve of the 500 W active PFC version). (Graphic | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Both are also designed for appli\u00adca\u00adtions with natural and flam\u00admable refrig\u00ader\u00adants (EN 60335-2-40) and are partic\u00adu\u00adlarly quiet thanks to their special design (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). While the AxiEco Plug-In in sizes 450 and 500 mm is suit\u00adable for heat pumps that require a large supply pres\u00adsure reserve at the evap\u00ado\u00adrator, the AxiTone in sizes 450, 500 and 630 mm is designed to deliver higher air flows at a lower back pres\u00adsure if the heat pump design requires this. As all compact fans based on the fully encap\u00adsu\u00adlated motors are suit\u00adable for use with flam\u00admable refrig\u00ader\u00adants as stan\u00addard, there are many other axial panel and centrifugal fans that are also suit\u00adable for use with heat pumps, as well as chillers, evap\u00ado\u00adra\u00adtors, and condensers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Based on many years of expe\u00adri\u00adence with heat pump appli\u00adca\u00adtions, EC motors and their commu\u00adta\u00adtion elec\u00adtronics, ebm-papst has also devel\u00adoped inverter elec\u00adtronics (Fig. 7) that are suit\u00adable for speed-controlled perma\u00adnent magnet synchro\u00adnous machines (PSM), as typi\u00adcally used in compres\u00adsors. They also reduce noise and simul\u00adta\u00adne\u00adously increase the effi\u00adciency of the heat pump.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fig. 7: Inverter elec\u00adtronics with 7.5 kW for effi\u00adcient and quiet compressor drives. (Image | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 8: The ESM motor oper\u00adates with an effi\u00adciency of over 90% at only 10% of the power consump\u00adtion of a shaded-pole motor and offers the option of demand-based speed control. (Image | ebm-papst)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Safety in refrig\u00ader\u00adated cabi\u00adnets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Natural refrig\u00ader\u00adants are also used in other refrig\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion appli\u00adca\u00adtions, such as refrig\u00ader\u00adated cabi\u00adnets. The ESM motor (energy saving motor, Fig. 8) set the stan\u00addard for fan tech\u00adnology in this area several years ago. The compact EC motors are avail\u00adable both as OEM compo\u00adnents for combi\u00adna\u00adtion with the customer\u2019s own fan impeller and as complete plug & play systems with perfectly matching indi\u00advidual compo\u00adnents. In order to offer a safe cooling solu\u00adtion, the motors and complete systems comply with house\u00adhold appli\u00adance stan\u00addard EN 60335-2-89 as stan\u00addard. This is completely suffi\u00adcient for most refrig\u00ader\u00adated display cases, as their cooling circuits can handle the refrig\u00aderant filling quan\u00adti\u00adties spec\u00adi\u00adfied in the stan\u00addard, e.g. 500 g for propane. For refrig\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion circuits with larger filling quan\u00adti\u00adties, it may there\u00adfore make sense to split the circuits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Heating with heat pumps Today\u2019s heating systems demand concepts based on renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies. ebm-papst delivers low-noise and effi\u00adcient compo\u00adnents. With the new version of the F-Gas Regu\u00adla\u00adtion ((EU) 2024\/573), which came into force on March 11, 2024, the frame\u00adwork condi\u00adtions for these refrig\u00ader\u00adants will become much stricter; the use of hydro\u00adflu\u00ado\u00adro\u00adcar\u00adbons as refrig\u00ader\u00adants (HFCs) will [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fans","category-heating"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20983"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21080,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20983\/revisions\/21080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mag.ebmpapst.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}